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0World faced unprecedented crisis with food in 2022
2022年全球面临前所未有的粮食危机
The world has faced a food crisis of unprecedented proportions this year — the largest in modern history, as conflict, the COVID-19 pandemic, climate crisis and rising costs have combined to pose great risks for hungry people across the world.
今年，随着俄乌冲突、新冠疫情、气候危机和生活成本上升相互叠加，给饥饿地区人民带来风险，全球面临前所未有而且是现代历史上最大的粮食危机。
As many as 828 million people go to bed hungry every night. The number of those facing acute food insecurity has risen from 135 million to 345 million since 2019. A total of 49 million people in 49 countries are teetering on the edge of famine, according to figures from the United Nations' World Food Programme.
根据联合国粮食计划署数据，全球有8.28亿人口面临饥饿，自2019年以来，处于重度粮食不安全状况的人口从1.35亿增至3.45亿，共有来自49个国家4900万人口濒临饥荒边缘。
"We are facing an unprecedented global food crisis and all signs suggest we have not yet seen the worst. For the last three years, hunger numbers have repeatedly hit new peaks," WFP Executive Director David Beasley said. He warned that things can and will get worse unless there is a large-scale and coordinated effort to address the root causes of this crisis.
“我们正面临着前所未有的全球粮食危机，而且所有迹象表明情况可能会更糟。过去三年中，饥饿人口数据不断创下新高，”粮食署执行主任戴维•比斯利表示。他做出警告，要尽快采取大规模协同努力来解决粮食危机的根本原因，否则危机将愈演愈烈。
Monika Tothova, an economist with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, said there are many reasons for prevailing high levels of food insecurity.
联合国粮农组织经济学家莫妮卡·托托娃表示当下盛行的粮食不安全背后有很多因素。
"These reasons, often referred to as drivers, are increasing in frequency and intensity, and include conflicts, climate variability and weather extremes, economic slowdowns and downturns — all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality," she said.
这些驱动因素，包括地区冲突、气候变异、极端天气以及经济放缓和衰退在内，其频率和强度与日俱增，导致贫困和居高不下的不平等背后的根本原因也进一步加剧了上述驱动因素。
In addition, these drivers often do not act alone. For instance, conflicts are often accompanied by economic downturns, which affect livelihoods and the ability of people to earn resources, leading to increasing poverty levels and higher prevalence of food insecurity, she said.
另外，这些驱动因素的作用也相互叠加，比如冲突通常伴随着经济衰退，这就会影响人民生计，削弱他们赚钱的能力，从而导致贫困水平上升、粮食不安全进一步扩大，她说道。
Unfortunately, the main drivers of high levels of food insecurity have not improved this year. People in the Horn of Africa are facing a fifth consecutive failed rain season in parts of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia, which will constrain their production, and is likely to push many deeper into food insecurity.
不幸的是，上述导致粮食不安全居高不下的主要驱动因素并未改善，非洲之角埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和索马里的部分地区今年迎来了连续第五个降水不足的雨季，将制约粮食生产并可能使很多人面临更严峻的粮食不安全局面。
Conflict is still the biggest driver of hunger, with 60 percent of the world's hungry living in areas afflicted by war and violence. The Russia-Ukraine conflict is further proof of how conflict feeds hunger, forcing people out of their homes and wiping out their sources of income, the WFP said.
地区冲突仍然是粮食危机的最大驱动因素，全世界有60的饥饿人口生活在战争和暴力地区，俄罗斯-乌克兰冲突进一步证明了冲突如何加剧饥饿，迫使人民流离失所，剥夺其生计来源，粮食署表示。
Russia and Ukraine are among the world's most important producers of agricultural commodities. Since the outbreak of the conflict on Feb 24, commodity prices reached very high levels as the production, processing and transportation of agricultural commodities have been stagnated by the conflict.
俄罗斯和乌克兰是世界最重要的农产品生产国。自2月24日俄乌冲突爆发以来，随着农产品生产、处理和运输受冲突影响停滞，农产品价格大幅上涨。
In addition, there is uncertainty about the weather. And climatic shock affecting any major producer or exporter will introduce additional uncertainty into production — and consequently prices — which in turn impact the ability to purchase food, particularly of the most vulnerable people, Tothova said.
此外，天气不确定性也是粮食危机驱动因素之一。气候对主要粮食生产或出口国的冲击会加剧生产以及由此导致的的价格的不确定性，这将转而影响人们尤其是最弱势群体购买粮食的能力，托托娃表示。
