COY WIRE, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Hello, everyone. Happy Friday Eve. I'm Coy Wire. This is CNN 10. Let's get this show on the road. WIRE: We now go to the West Coast of the United States and parts of British Columbia and Canada, which are dealing with a bomb cyclone. What's a bomb cyclone? Also called a bombogenesis, it's the rapid intensification of a cyclone in a short period of time, and it can happen during powerful storms. The folks are also dealing with the effects of an atmospheric river. At the same time, these two phenomena are combining to bring hurricane force winds and heavy rain. A storm of this magnitude only occurs in this region about once in a decade and can cause major flooding. It can dump feet of snow and lead to power outages. To explain what an atmospheric river is and how events like this happen, here's our Derek Van Dam. DEREK VAN DAM, CNN METEOROLOGIST: Atmospheric rivers are long, concentrated regions in the atmosphere that can transport moisture thousands of miles. They usually carry water vapor from the tropics to the mid-latitudes and can trigger extreme precipitation events around the world. For example, the Pineapple Express atmospheric river carries moisture from the tropics near Hawaii to the U.S. and Canada's west coast. Atmospheric rivers can lead to extreme rainfall, flooding, and mudslides. These rivers in the sky can transport the equivalent of as much as 25 times the amount of water that flows through the actual Mississippi River. Most are weaker systems that offer beneficial rain and snow, but the stronger atmospheric river events across the western U.S. can lead to over a billion dollars a year in flood damage. WIRE: We all know that trash and waste can pile up, and littering, well, that can just yuck a place up. We're going to go check out a place where garbage has gotten so out of hand, there's so much of it in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, that there are mounds of it floating in a lake, blocking a dam that creates electricity for the region. Now there are power outages, local businesses are being impacted. CNN's Victoria Rubadiri explains why and how this is happening. VICTORIA RUBADIRI, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): A sea of garbage atop a lake on the border of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda. It's unsightly and a problem with a ripple effect for families and businesses alike. Plastic bottles, gas cans and other trash collect at the bottom and on the surface of the water, clogging this hydroelectric dam and keeping water from properly entering its channels. Limiting the amount of pressure and speed needed for this electric company's machines to power the region. LJOVY MULEMANGABO, DIRECTOR, DR CONGO'S NATIONAL ELECTRIC COMPANY SNEL (through translator): We are forced to shut down the machines and start removing the waste, clearing the grates. And when we stop the machines, power outages also occur. RUBADIRI (voice-over): Waste management issues, intensified by heavy rainfall, cause people's abandoned trash to end up in the lake. Those mounds of garbage can have drastic consequences. MULEMANGABO (through translator): If they leave the waste lying in a street, in the gutters, it ends up in the Rwizi Dam. And this creates a lot of difficulties for us. RUBADIRI (voice-over): As power outages plague the region small businesses suffer, these welders feel the pressure as production slows, confused and frustrated by the sporadic electricity in their workshop. ALEX MBILIZI, METALWORKER (through translator): People tell us the power is out because of plastic bottles, but we don't know what to do about these bottles. If only there were a way to clear out these bottles so we could have electricity. RUBADIRI (voice-over): Officials say there could be a way. If individual homes pick up waste, authorities say waste companies could then collect it and bring it to a disposal site. But for now, it's only an idea, one that may prove crucial in tackling the region's pollution problem. 🌟 完整文本见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Why our screens make us less happy Adam Alter | TED2017 • April 2017 So, a few years ago I heard an interesting rumor. Apparently, the head of a large pet food company would go into the annual shareholder's meeting with can of dog food. And he would eat the can of dog food. And this was his way of convincing them that if it was good enough for him, it was good enough for their pets. This strategy is now known as "dogfooding," and it's a common strategy in the business world. It doesn't mean everyone goes in and eats dog food, but businesspeople will use their own products to demonstrate that they feel -- that they're confident in them. Now, this is a widespread practice, but I think what's really interesting is when you find exceptions to this rule, when you find cases of businesses or people in businesses who don't use their own products. Turns out there's one industry where this happens in a common way, in a pretty regular way, and that is the screen-based tech industry. So, in 2010, Steve Jobs, when he was releasing the iPad, described the iPad as a device that was "extraordinary." "The best browsing experience you've ever had; way better than a laptop, way better than a smartphone. It's an incredible experience." A couple of months later, he was approached by a journalist from the New York Times, and they had a long phone call. At the end of the call, the journalist threw in a question that seemed like a sort of softball. He said to him, "Your kids must love the iPad." There's an obvious answer to this, but what Jobs said really staggered the journalist. He was very surprised, because he said, "They haven't used it. We limit how much technology our kids use at home." This is a very common thing in the tech world. In fact, there's a school quite near Silicon Valley called the Waldorf School of the Peninsula, and they don't introduce screens until the eighth grade. What's really interesting about the school is that 75 percent of the kids who go there have parents who are high-level Silicon Valley tech execs. So when I heard about this, I thought it was interesting and surprising, and it pushed me to consider what screens were doing to me and to my family and the people I loved, and to people at large. So for the last five years, as a professor of business and psychology, I've been studying the effect of screens on our lives. And I want to start by just focusing on how much time they take from us, and then we can talk about what that time looks like. What I'm showing you here is the average 24-hour workday at three different points in history: 2007 -- 10 years ago -- 2015 and then data that I collected, actually, only last week. And a lot of things haven't changed all that much. We sleep roughly seven-and-a-half to eight hours a day; some people say that's declined slightly, but it hasn't changed much. We work eight-and-a-half to nine hours a day. We engage in survival activities -- these are things like eating and bathing and looking after kids -- about three hours a day. That leaves this white space. That's our personal time. That space is incredibly important to us. That's the space where we do things that make us individuals. That's where hobbies happen, where we have close relationships, where we really think about our lives, where we get creative, where we zoom back and try to work out whether our lives have been meaningful. We get some of that from work as well, but when people look back on their lives and wonder what their lives have been like at the end of their lives, you look at the last things they say -- they are talking about those moments that happen in that white personal space. So it's sacred; it's important to us. Now, what I'm going to do is show you how much of that space is taken up by screens across time. In 2007, this much. That was the year that Apple introduced the first iPhone. Eight years later, this much. Now, this much. That's how much time we spend of that free time in front of our screens. This yellow area, this thin sliver, is where the magic happens. That's where your humanity lives. And right now, it's in a very small box. So what do we do about this? Well, the first question is: What does that red space look like? Now, of course, screens are miraculous in a lot of ways. I live in New York, a lot of my family lives in Australia, and I have a one-year-old son. The way I've been able to introduce them to him is with screens. I couldn't have done that 15 or 20 years ago in quite the same way. So there's a lot of good that comes from them. 🌟 字数限制，完整文本翻译，以及视频见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

COY WIRE, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Hello and welcome to CNN 10. It is Wednesday, November 20th, hump day. I know we may have been through a lot already, but we're going to make it through. Let's get going. We have lots to get to, and we are going to start with news out of New Zealand, where more than 40,000 people marched outside parliament in the city of Wellington in protest. They're protesting a bill called the "Treaty Principles Bill." Critics say the bill could change an agreement made in the year 1840 between British colonizers and hundreds of native Maori tribes. That treaty established that the country would be co-governed by indigenous and non- indigenous New Zealanders. The Maori are New Zealand's indigenous community, and they believe the new bill that lawmakers are proposing could diminish their rights. Outside parliament, those opposed to the bill came together for a peaceful Maori walk, waving flags and signs. Inside parliament last week, Maori lawmakers staged a haka, a traditional chanting dance to disrupt voting. Protests have been going on for about 10 days across the country, and they are some of the largest the country has seen in decades. Most lawmakers have said they would not vote for the new legislation, but its introduction has reignited a debate on indigenous rights, this time with a more conservative government than the country has seen in years. We just passed the 1,000th day of the war between Ukraine and Russia, which began on February 24th, 2022. CNN takes a look back at what's transpired in the last two and a half years. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) NATHAN HODGE, CNN SENIOR EDITOR & RUSSIA ANALYST: Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has now lasted for over 1,000 days, and it has quite literally altered the country's landscape. While Ukraine has recaptured around half the territory Russia took in 2022, Russia still holds more than 20% of Ukraine, including many cities and towns that were shattered by Russian firepower. Putin justified the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by saying he intended to protect the largely Russian-speaking population in the country's east. But in effect, his so-called special military operation has nearly erased many of these cities from the map. WIRE: Only about 1% of used clothes are recycled into new ones. Well, two brothers who grew up on the Isle of Wight off the southern coast of England are trying to change that through their t-shirt printing business called Teemill. The company only makes a clothing item once it's ordered, and once that item is worn out, it can be sent back to be reused for something new, creating less waste and saving money. Check out how these creative entrepreneurs are making it work. MART DRAKE-KNIGHT, CO-FOUNDER, TEEMILL: Us growing up on our island, everything is finite, including resources, and you're very conscientious of what that means both for you and also the natural environment that you're surrounded by. I think that's a very helpful frame of mind to approach sustainable business. If you just expand that out, just think about the fact that the entire planet is basically just an island. The clothing industry is a massive industry. Everybody on earth has lots of these products, but everything's produced speculatively, and everything's produced en masse. But something like half of all of the clothes that are made are actually fully utilized. That's like a fancy way of saying that they're made but never worn. Being from the Isle of Wight, we have naivete as a superpower, because you sort of say, well, why would you do that? Why don't you just make what people need when you need it? And we're like, yeah, we're going to redesign the clothing industry. And you can actually do that just with technology, like making new types of machines and new software that runs those machines so that you make things on demand. We did it in our mom and dad's shed to start with. We had 200 quid. That forced us to be very efficient and not waste anything. We couldn't afford to. That unlocks really big opportunities, because you just save money. You save loads of waste. You save loads of money. 🌟 完整文本见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

From federal investigations into Major League Baseball to allegations of substance abuse in track and field, performance enhancing drugs have been in the news a lot. The most well-known performance enhancers are steroids, drugs that can make athletes bigger and stronger. But they can also cause serious medical problems. So how do steroids work, and what makes them so dangerous? First, it's important to understand that the body naturally produces steroids. For men, the best known is testosterone. Testosterone is an anabolic steroid, meaning that it encourages new muscle growth. So the more testosterone you have in you, the greater potential you have to be bigger and stronger. It makes sense, then, that artificial anabolic steroids mimic testosterone produced in the body. Here's how they work. Anabolic steroids attach to cells and encourage them to produce more protein, which muscles need to grow and become stronger. So steroids basically speed up and enhance the process of muscle growth that you can accomplish by lifting weights and other kinds of exercise. A weightlifter on steroids will develop larger muscles and do so faster than a "clean" weightlifter. Millions of people take performance enhancing drugs such as caffeine and vitamins every day. But unlike these drugs, steroids can cause serious, long lasting problems. For example, steroid use puts extra pressure on the liver to cleanse the bloodstream of the many toxins in steroids. Prolonged steroid use can result in liver damage. They also affect brain chemistry, and can cause depression and severe mood swings known as 'roid rage'. There's certainly nothing wrong with building your body, but using steroids to do so will ultimately break you down. 🌟 更多英语听力内容见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

COY WIRE, CNN 10 ANCHOR: What's up everyone. Terrific Tuesday to you. I'm Coy Wire, bringing you 10 minutes of news right here on CNN 10. We're going to start with some headlines. Since Russia's war with Ukraine in 2022 began, Ukraine has been getting weapons and support from the United States to defend itself. Well, recently, President Biden made a decision. He's letting Ukraine use powerful American missiles called ATACMS inside Russia, something that was not allowed before. This is happening as Russia has brought in about 10,000 soldiers from North Korea to help them fight in an area called Kursk, where Ukraine had previously gained footing. This decision is getting attention as former President Donald Trump will soon become president again, and he suggested that his administration might not support Ukraine in the same sort of ways. Now, some see Biden's move as trying to make sure Ukraine has enough weapons through 2025, even if Trump changes U.S. policy. Meanwhile, Russia's leader Vladimir Putin has warned that if Russia gets hit by these missiles, they might respond with nuclear weapons, which would, of course, make the conflict in that region much more intense. Next, the Philippines got hit by their fourth major typhoon in just two weeks' time, Super Typhoon Man-yi, locally called Pepito. The storm was massive, winds up to 160 miles per hour when it first hit Saturday night. That's as strong as a Category 5 hurricane. Over half a million people had to evacuate to emergency shelters. The storm dumped tons of rain. One town got almost eight inches of rain, and it caused huge waves over three meters high that damaged coastal areas. All right, let's use our imagination for a minute. Imagine what it would be like to take 16 of your friends to the Roman Colosseum, and you get the whole thing to yourselves for three hours after the sun goes down. Well, in honor of the new Gladiator II movie, Airbnb and Paramount Pictures are making daydreams a reality. While some are calling this the chance of a lifetime, some wonder if the promotion demeans the cultural importance of the iconic landmark. What say you? UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The greatest temple Rome ever built, the Colosseum. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE (voice-over): Airbnb has partnered with Paramount Pictures to give lucky guests a Gladiator II experience inside one of Italy's most popular and normally crowded attractions. And it's completely free. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Still, the deal ignited some negative publicity and an immediate backlash from locals and city officials who say the promotion demeans the cultural importance of the landmark. Some have asked Airbnb to cancel the plans and Rome's Councilor for Culture Massimiliano Smeriglio said in a statement to CNN, "The issue is not the public-private relationship or the desire of big brands to support the protection and conservation. But to avoid a demeaning use of our historical-artistic heritage." WIRE: Professional sports are transforming skylines across the nation as cities invest millions of dollars in state-of-the-art venues that promise to bring more than just games to town. This building boom is changing the game, but what about the soaring price tag that comes with keeping these teams in town? Who pays? Who benefits? CNN's Michael Yoshida has more. MICHAEL YOSHIDA, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): 650 million in Charlotte, 775 million in Jacksonville, 850 million in Buffalo and a whopping 1.2 billion in Nashville. Across the country cities are shelling out taxpayer money to help pay for professional sports stadiums. PROFESSOR J.C. BRADBURY, KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY: We're looking at basically another 40 billion dollars in spending over the next 20 years. YOSHIDA: Economists who study sports stadiums say across the four major U.S. sports leagues, dozens of teams are set to see their leases expire in the next decade. While every stadium project is different, they all have at least one thing in common, soaring price tags. BRADBURY: Stadiums that were once costing a few hundred million dollars now costing well over a billion dollars and the public contribution has increased to around an average of 500 million dollars in the past decade. 🌟 字数限制，完整文本见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

SCOTT DETROW, HOST: A bad night of sleep never feels good, but how you choose to deal with it can make a big difference in how you feel the next day and even in the quality of your rest the next night. Life Kit's Andee Tagle has more on what to do and what to avoid when dealing with a bad night's sleep. ANDEE TAGLE, BYLINE: Tell me if you can relate. It's the middle of the night. You're up when you want to be down, so you sit there in bed, watching the minutes go by, thinking... RAVI AYSOLA: Oh, I'm not getting good sleep. Everyone says you have to get good sleep. What am I doing to myself? What's happening to my brain? Oh, my gosh, I'm worrying, I'm worrying I'm worrying. All those things are activating the sympathetic nervous system, and that's incompatible with sleep. TAGLE: Dr. Ravi Aysola is a sleep expert and pulmonary critical care doctor at UCLA. He says this scenario - stressing, calculating - is a very common mistake when insomnia hits. The thing is... AYSOLA: More time in bed does not equal more sleep. What it typically equals is more time in bed awake, becoming increasingly frustrated that you're not getting the sleep that you want and starting to calculate however many hours you believe you're going to be able to get. And then what happens is with time, you develop a very powerful behavioral association with the bed and the bedroom and bedtime with stress. TAGLE: So first up, don't try to force sleep if it isn't happening. The minute you start to feel annoyed that you're not asleep, just get out of bed. From there, he suggests doing calming activities in dim lighting. Take a warm bath, read a dull book, listen to a favorite podcast or soothing play list. Or if stress is keeping you awake... AYSOLA: For people who tend to kind of perseverate and make lists in their head, you know, which is a lot of people, what I suggest is, you know, instead of just making the list in your head, get a piece of paper and write that down. Oftentimes I say that things lose their power once they're on the paper. TAGLE: Managing your stress, he says, can shift your nervous system into rest and digest mode, and hopefully ease you back into sleepiness. The next morning, you might be tempted to sleep in. But he says you have to fight the urge to hit the snooze button. AYSOLA: 'Cause you're essentially giving yourself jet lag. TAGLE: Throwing off your circadian rhythm can lead to crankiness, headaches, indigestion and an overall wrong-side-of-the-bed feeling. So instead, Aysola suggests keeping your normal morning schedule and getting lots of natural sunlight to boost your internal body clock. Then opt for a nap, if needed. You want to keep it no longer than an hour and aim for earlier in the day, at least 6 hours before bedtime. Next up, caffeine - for a lot of us, it'll feel natural and necessary to reach for a pick-me-up after a night of poor sleep. And Aysola says, generally speaking, there's nothing wrong with a morning latte. But best practice, you should cut yourself off from caffeine about midday or so. AYSOLA: Just to avoid any residual effect of that when you're trying to regain sleep. TAGLE: From there, exercise - I know, I know, but don't be mad at me. These are doctor's orders. AYSOLA: Most of the times when you're sleep deprived, not a lot of energy to exercise, but there's a very direct correlation - the kind of harder you exercise, the more slow-wave sleep you'll get. TAGLE: It's worth noting here - insomnia can also affect balance and coordination, so it's OK to avoid strenuous workouts if you're not feeling up to it. Any movement that feels good to your body - a brisk walk, some yoga, dancing in your living room - can contribute to good sleep. Other than that, making basic healthy choices like avoiding alcohol, eating nutritious foods and sticking to your sleep schedule will make your next day and your next night's rest that much better. Aysola says people will often try to overcomplicate their sleep routines or ask him about various sleep supplements. He says some of these things might work for some people. AYSOLA: But really, the best way to protect yourself from episodes of sleep deprivation is to have a chronically good sleep pattern. TAGLE: For NPR's Life Kit, I'm Andee Tagle. DETROW: For more Life Kit, go to npr.org/lifekit. 🌟更多英语听力内容见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

COY WIRE, CNN 10 ANCHOR: What up, sunshine? Welcome to CNN 10. Hope you had an awesome weekend. We've got a stacked show for you today, so let's jump right in. And we start with some news in space. There's a serious situation unfolding 250 miles above Earth. The International Space Station, or ISS, which is about the size of a football field, has been experiencing air leaks. The leaks, in its Russian section, were first spotted in 2019, but have recently gotten worse. The space needs to maintain its air pressure to keep astronauts safe. The problem is located in a tunnel connecting a Russian module called Zvezda to a docking port where the spacecraft delivers supplies. NASA is very concerned about the structural integrity of the space station, and is warning of serious consequences. NASA added extra emergency seats to their SpaceX spacecraft in case of an evacuation. On the other side, though, Russia's space agency, Roscosmos, maintains that fears of catastrophic failure are unrealistic. Russia has actively searched for and repaired problem areas, reducing leak rates, and have concluded that operations can continue safely. Despite disagreements, NASA and Roscosmos continue to work together closely. They've taken the precautionary step of keeping that section sealed off unless they need to access it. The ISS has been continuously occupied by astronauts since 2000. Scientists conduct research that helps us understand things like how to grow food in space and how diseases behave in zero gravity. The station had planned to operate until at least 2030, but this situation is raising important questions about its future. Ten second trivia. Where was the Declaration of Independence signed? Boston, New York, Philadelphia, or Washington, D.C.? On July 4th, 1776, the Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence in Independence Hall in Philly. In Philadelphia, an iconic American ocean liner is going to sink on purpose. The SS United States, once the holder of the transatlantic speed record, will soon transform into the world's largest artificial reef. After sitting idle for nearly 30 years, this legendary vessel that carried presidents, the Mona Lisa, was going to find new purpose on the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico. UNIDENTIFIED MALE (voice-over): In Philadelphia, off an industrial road, behind shopping centers and surrounded by fence. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: There's just something that she evokes, an energy. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: A majestic American work of art sits waiting for its final journey to the bottom of the ocean. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Oh, I'm heartbroken. I'm really heartbroken to see this happen. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: This is America's flagship, the SS United States. A glorious ship, bigger than the Titanic, nearly as long as the Chrysler building, and 70 years ago, the United States burst into life. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Could there be a greater name for the world's greatest ship? UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The ocean liner carried four U.S. presidents, stars, and celebrities, and even transported the Mona Lisa. But her crowning achievement was breaking the transatlantic speed record in 1952. WIRE: All right, our next story is about a group of preschoolers digging in, helping to keep their island nation beautiful. The Seychelles, located in the Indian Ocean off East Africa's coast, is an archipelago of 115 islands with pristine shores, stunning waters, but lately trash from the ocean is threatening these youngsters' lovely island home. Check it out. ANNA STEWART, CNN REPORTER (voice-over): Sitting in the middle of the Indian Ocean, about 2,000 kilometers from the coast of East Africa, lies the Seychelles archipelago. The African nation is famous for their ring- shaped reefs and islands known as atolls. As breathtaking as they are, these islands are under threat. SEDNA CHETTI, DIRECTOR MONTESSORI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SEYCHELLES: In the last 20 years, a lot has changed. Recently, we have a lot of people working towards conservation. There's a lot of young people coming forward, which is why we're interested in working together with the kids. 🌟 字数限制，完整文本见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

MICHEL MARTIN, HOST: The COP29 climate summit is underway in Azerbaijan this week. A MARTÍNEZ, HOST: With the new Trump administration coming in, there's not as much expectation for the U.S. setting a big climate goal, but at least one major industrial country is making a big pledge to fight global warming. MARTIN: To walk us through this and other climate news, we have Julia Simon. She's climate solutions correspondent on NPR's climate desk. Julia, good morning. JULIA SIMON, BYLINE: Good morning. MARTIN: So the U.N. climate summit began Monday. What are we seeing so far? SIMON: So going into this climate summit, there hasn't been as much optimism for U.S. leadership. After all, the newly elected Donald Trump famously called climate change a hoax. However, we are seeing other countries stepping up. In the next few months, countries have to announce these big targets for how much climate pollution they are going to cut to limit global warming. And the United Kingdom, they're one of those countries stepping up. Yesterday, U.K. Prime Minister Keir Starmer, he gave this speech announcing plans to cut climate pollution at least 81% compared to 1990 levels by 2035. MARTIN: How does the U.K. plan to do it? That seems like a really ambitious target. SIMON: The U.K. is investing in proving climate solutions - things like wind energy, solar energy, big batteries, also nuclear energy. But the U.K. is really framing their climate action in economic terms. And, Michel, you hear this economic argument from other countries, like China. China, they're selling their technologies like electric vehicles in emerging markets like in Africa and Latin America. China, the U.K., they see climate solutions making business sense. MARTIN: OK, back to the U.S. President-elect Trump is in the process of naming his new cabinet. He's announced plans to name a new head of the EPA. That is the former New York congressman, Lee Zeldin. What do we know about him? SIMON: The word Trump used when announcing his pick of Zeldin is deregulatory. That is, removing government regulations. According to the League of Conservation Voters, Zeldin voted several times against clean air and clean water legislation. With Zeldin, many EPA rules that limit climate pollution could be in jeopardy. And yesterday, the EPA actually finalized this rule that oil and gas companies have to pay a fee when they leak methane - that's this very potent planet-heating gas. Under Trump and a possible Republican trifecta in Congress, Congress may overturn that EPA new methane rule. MARTIN: OK, Julia, before we let you go, there's one last piece of climate news. A court in the Netherlands just overturned a ruling that the energy company Shell has to reduce its climate pollution by 45%. What are the implications of that? SIMON: The court did say Shell still has this duty of care to limit planet-heating emissions, but the courts couldn't figure out how big the cuts should be. Still, the point that's being brought up by other environmental groups is that there are still lots of climate litigation claims against big oil companies, including in states like Massachusetts, Hawaii, California. Those cases are being argued in state and municipal courts, and they haven't been decided yet. MARTIN: That is NPR's Julia Simon. Julia, thank you. SIMON: Thank you. 🌟 更多英语听力内容见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

High-conflict emotional warfare is something that I've slowly learned and realized exists everywhere that there are high-conflict people. This can be in families. This can be at the workplace.This can be in community and volunteer organizations. So here's how high-conflict emotional warfare works. There are four parts to it. First, the high-conflict person seduces somebody. It may be one person or several people in an organization. They tell them what they want to hear, saying, "I am with you, I agree with you. We're a team on this problem." Then they attack a target of blame. It's seduction and then attacking somebody over there. You know, it's us against that person or those people. People, everyone's familiar with this. In families, the workplace, community, there are people you can realize, oh yeah, they are doing that. They're seducing this person and attacking that person. And then they divide the community by doing that. They get other people that agree with them to attack the people they're attacking. In mental health terms, it's called splitting, where you split people into all good and all bad. Splitting is associated with borderline and narcissistic personality disorders. People honestly see the world in these all-good, all-bad ways. But it's contagious. So they tell half the people, you're wonderful, and half people, you're terrible. And those people start fighting each other. While they're fighting each other, the high-conflict person gets to dominate the community. So I'm calling this the community. It could be the family; it could be the workplace; it could be a neighborhood; it could be a volunteer group; it could be an athletic group; it could be a music group. We see this in all areas of life when there's a high-conflict person. And we're seeing it more and more in politics. They divide and dominate that way at the highest levels - even smaller, you know, cities, states, school boards, homeowners associations. But this process of high-conflict emotional warfare - they attack people that usually are left alone, people close to them. And that's contagious and that's how they dominate. 🌟 视频版见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

Does the MBTI reflect your true self? Merve Emre | TED-Ed • December 2020 In 1942, a mother-daughter duo Katherine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers developed a questionnaire that classified people's personalities into 16 types. Called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI, it would go on to become one of the world's most widely-used personality tests. 1942年，一对母女凯瑟琳·库克·布里格斯和伊莎贝尔·布里格斯·迈尔斯设计了一张问卷，把人的性格分为十六种。这就是迈尔斯-布里格斯类型指标，简称MBTI，后来发展成为全世界使用范围最广的性格测试之一。 Today, personality testing is a multi-billion dollar industry used by individuals, schools, and companies. But none of these tests, including the MBTI, the Big Five, the DiSC assessment, the Process Communication Model, and the Enneagram, actually reveal truths about personality. In fact, it's up for debate whether personality is a stable, measurable feature of an individual at all. 如今，性格测试已发展成为价值数十亿美元的行业，个人、学校和企业都在使用。但这些测试，包括MBTI、大五类人格测试、DiSC测评、过程沟通模型，以及九型人格测试，都不能真正揭示性格真相。其实，性格是否是一个人身上稳定且可测量的特征仍尚存争议。 Part of the problem is the way the tests are constructed. Each is based on a different set of metrics to define personality: the Myers-Briggs, for instance, focuses on features like introversion and extroversion to classify people into personality "types," while the Big Five scores participants on five different traits. Most are self-reported, meaning the results are based on questions participants answer about themselves. So it's easy to lie, but even with the best intentions, objective self-evaluation is tricky. 一部分问题在于性格测试的构成方式。每种测试都是基于一套不同的性格定义指标：例如，迈尔斯-布里格斯测试，主要按照内向与外向将人分为不同的“性格类型”，而大五类人格测试则按照五种不同的特质评估受试者。问题大多由受试者自陈，也即是说测试结果是基于受试者自己对问题的回答，因此非常容易作假。但即使极为认真，客观的自我评估也很难。 Take this question from the Big Five: How would you rate the accuracy of the statement "I am always prepared"? 以这个选自大五类的问题为例：你会怎么评定“我总是做好了准备”这句话的准确度呢？ There's a clear favorable answer here, which makes it difficult to be objective. People subconsciously aim to please: when asked to agree or disagree, we show a bias toward answering however we believe the person or institution asking the question wants us to answer. Here's another question— what do you value more, justice or fairness? What about harmony or forgiveness? 面对一个明显讨人喜欢的答案，保持客观会变得很困难。人们潜意识地希望取悦他人：当被问到同意与否时，我们会倾向于回答我们认为问出这个问题的个人或组织想让我们回答的那个答案。再看一个问题—你更看重什么，正义还是公平？和睦还是宽恕？ You may well value both sides of each pair, but the MBTI would force you to choose one. And while it's tempting to assume the results of that forced choice must somehow reveal a true preference, they don't: When faced with the same forced choice question multiple times, the same person will sometimes change their answer. 你可能同样重视每组中的两方，但是MBTI测试要求你必须选择一个。同时它假定了勉强选出的答案所得出的结果一定可以在某种程度上揭示真实的偏好，但其实并不能。当同样的勉强选择多次出现后，同一受试人有时会改变答案。 Given these design flaws, it's no surprise that test results can be inconsistent. One study found that nearly half of people who take the Myers-Briggs a second time only five weeks after the first get assigned a different type. And other studies on the Myers-Briggs have found that people with very similar scores end up being placed in different categories, suggesting that the strict divisions between personality types don't reflect real-life nuances. Complicating matters further, the definitions of personality traits are constantly shifting. The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, who popularized the terms introvert and extrovert, defined an introvert as someone who sticks to their principles regardless of situation, and an extrovert as someone who molds their self according to circumstance. Introversion later came to mean shyness, while an extrovert was someone outgoing. Today, an introvert is someone who finds alone time restorative, an extrovert draws energy from social interaction, and an ambivert falls somewhere between these two extremes. The notion of an innate, unchanging personality forms the basis of all these tests. But research increasingly suggests that personality shifts during key periods— like our school years, or when we start working. Though certain features of a person's behavior may remain relatively stable over time, others are malleable, moulded by our upbringing, life experiences, and age. All of this matters more or less depending on how a personality test is used. Though anyone using them should take the results with a grain of salt, there isn't much harm in individual use— and users may even learn some new terms and concepts in the process. But the use of personality tests extends far beyond self discovery. Schools use them to advise students what to study and what jobs to pursue. Companies use them decide who to hire and for what positions. Yet the results don't predict how a person will perform in a specific role. So by using personality tests this way, institutions can deprive people of opportunities they'd excel at, or discourage them from considering certain paths. 🌟 字数限制，完整翻译，以及视频版和pdf见公众号【琐简】，回复"1" 可加入【打卡交流群】

D: It's time to go again to the A Moment of Science mailbag. A listener writes: Dear A Moment of Science, I've heard that owning a dog or cat can be a good way to deal with stress and ward off depression. So I was wondering--is it interacting with actual pets that's beneficial, or would just looking at pictures of cats and dogs work to curb stress? Y: Interesting question. Actually owning a pet is different from merely looking at pictures of cute puppies and kittens, certainly. Stress relief has a lot to do with the companionship that real pets provide. D: But one study showed that watching videos of animals can help reduce stress. And according to the study by researchers in Japan, looking at pictures of cute animals does appear to help us focus and concentrate. The researchers divided around 130 students into two groups and assigned each a task. One group played an Operation-like game that involved removing small objects from a hole without touching the sides. A second group was tasked with finding a number in a random sequence. Y: Within each group, participants were shown pictures either of puppies and kittens or of grown cats and dogs. A subset of participants in one of the groups was also shown pictures of appealing foods. The participants that saw the puppies and kittens consistently performed better than the others. D: As for why viewing these cute images resulted in improved performance, the study doesn't say. It seems reasonable to speculate, though, that feelings of happiness or warmth elicited by cute pictures helps relieve stress, thereby enabling the brain to focus and concentrate with greater power. 🌟 更多英语听力内容见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

COY WIRE, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Hello everyone, hope you're off to a great start to this little slice of heaven we call Friday, Fri-yay. I'm Coy Wire, this is CNN 10, but we're down to just like 9 minutes and 45 seconds, so let's get her done. We start today in Southern Spain, where people there were subjected to a month's worth of rain in just one hour alone. Spain continues to get.battered by severe thunderstorms and torrential rain. Schools closed and more than 4,000 people evacuated the area of Malaga, which sits along the nation's southern coast. This all comes just two weeks after the biggest flood in decades washed through Valencia, which is about a six and a half hour drive up north along the east coast of Spain. That took out roads and bridges, piled up cars and roadways, and killed more than 220 people. Meteorologists say this series of rainstorms were part of two low-pressure weather systems causing stormy conditions enhanced by moisture coming off of the Mediterranean Sea and running up against Spain's coastal mountains. WIRE: All right, we are less than two weeks away from Thanksgiving. The holiday season is about to kick off in full force. Did you know that 77% of Americans who plan to display a Christmas tree this year will opt for an artificial one? That's according to a survey done last year by the American Christmas Tree Association. Despite that, in the U.S. about 25 to 30 million real Christmas trees are sold every year. And on average, it takes somewhere between four to 15 years to grow a single tree, according to the National Christmas Tree Association. CNN affiliate KSBY spoke with one farm in Templeton, California about the ups and downs of transitioning from pumpkin season to Christmas trees each holiday season. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE (voice-over): For co-owners of Jack Creek Farms, Mandy Evenson and Becky Sumpter, the holidays are a busy time of year. As the sisters convert from a pumpkin patch to a tree farm. BECKY SUMPTER, CO-OWNER, JACK CREEK FARMS: Our pumpkin season actually runs all the way up to and including Thanksgiving. And then the day after Thanksgiving is when we transition into selling Christmas trees. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Farming both pumpkins and Christmas trees helps support the farm during difficult growing years. SUMPTER: Years like this where a Christmas tree crop is a little bit skinny and we're kind of in between harvests, we had a great pumpkin harvest. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I asked why the tree harvest varies year to year. SUMPTER: I only have a small dedicated patch on my farm. Each year that I harvest a tree, I'll replant a tree. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: That means the trees you choose from this year might be smaller than you're used to. MANDY EVENSON, CO-OWNER JACK CREEK FARMS: We found so many homes for most of the bigger guys last year that now we're waiting on the next crop to come up in size. SUMPTER: So like this guy is going to be a four-year-old tree that's mature and ready to harvest. This is a little baby tree that you can see comes just past my knee. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: The past few years of severe weather conditions made growing Christmas trees difficult. SUMPTER: Bad floods, bad droughts, intense heat. That means we're kind of at an in-between year where I don't have as many trees available for picking. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: The Templeton-based farm is one of the few farms that still grows Christmas trees on the Central Coast. SUMPTER: The vast majority of the Christmas trees that are purchased on the Central Coast are grown up in Oregon and Washington because they have the cooler weather, they have a climate that trees are better suited toward. SUMPTER: They grow two varieties that are suited to the weather here in Templeton, the Monterey Pine and the Monterey Cypress, of which there are 40 full-size trees available this year. EVENSON: We might sell out our first day this year. WIRE: Pop quiz hotshot. Which planet has the largest ocean? Venus, Earth, Jupiter, or Neptune? Answer is Jupiter. Not only is Jupiter the oldest and largest planet in our solar system, a thousand times bigger than Earth, instead of water, Jupiter is believed to contain a smoldering ocean of liquid hydrogen, which generates a powerful magnetic field on the planet. 🌟 字数限制，完整文本见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

MICHEL MARTIN, HOST: One person's aging is another's opportunity. In China, companies and services are adapting to serve what demographers call the silver economy - hundreds of millions of people over the age of 60. NPR's Emily Feng has this report. (SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) EMILY FENG, BYLINE: This is a drumming club in southwestern China for people over 65 years of age only. They've occupied a large warehouse base and filled it with rows of drums and disco lights. ZHU NANFEI: (Speaking Mandarin). FENG: Zhu Nanfei, 81 years of age, is a regular student. ZHU: (Speaking Mandarin). FENG: Zhu states the obvious - she is old and says she wants to keep active with other people. She is among China's nearly 300 million people above the age of 60. For the first time in modern China, 60-plus people comprise more than a fifth of its population, putting it on track to be a super-age society by the next decade, according to the World Bank. This is a total contrast to the China of 40 years ago, when a predominantly young population created a cheap and prolific labor force that powered the country's economic rise. ZHU: (Speaking Mandarin). FENG: Zhu says during her working life, time was a constant constraint. So it's only now that she has decided to try making music. And it is adventurous retirees like her that are emblematic of what Chinese economists call the silver economy - the silver-haired consumers who may become one of the driving forces for demand in China's slowing economy in the decades ahead. This fall, China's policymakers even released an action plan on what they call aging development, highlighting sectors like health care, mobility aids, even matchmaking services for widowers as new opportunities for growth. MERRIL SILVERSTEIN: Better health, you know, is a function of greater economic well-being, for one thing. FENG: This is Merril Silverstein, a sociologist at Syracuse University who has been studying aging societies. He has observed market improvements in China as people's purchasing power shot up. SILVERSTEIN: Improvements in physical well-being, mental well-being, cognitive well-being, economic well-being. FENG: And now Silverstein is studying how infrastructure development is increasingly geared towards an older society in China. SILVERSTEIN: Those in more developed villages have less aging anxiety about whether their needs will be met, whether they'll be, you know, happy or not as they get older. (SOUNDBITE OF DRUMMING) FENG: Back at the drumming circle in China, 75-year-old Pu Lilin is case in point. Her idea of aging is different than the elderly people she saw growing up in China who hid themselves away. PU LILIN: (Speaking Mandarin). FENG: Pu says she started working at age 13, so now her four adult children support her to just have fun. ZHANG JIAMING: (Speaking Mandarin). FENG: Seventy-eight-year-old Zhang Jiaming says she still feels young at heart. She felt aimless when she was forced to retire from her job at a state firm 13 years ago. And new classes like these drumming circles make her feel society still needs her. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) LI YONGHUA: (Speaking Mandarin). FENG: Zhang is among a gaggle of hardcore drummers who've signed up for two back-to-back classes today. They expertly twirled drumsticks between their fingers. Their smiling faces all turned towards the man in the center of their drumming circle - teacher Li Yonghua. LI: (Speaking Mandarin). FENG: Teacher Li's voice is hoarse from yelling over the drums. His classes are this popular, he says, because today's retirees in China have changed. Before, they had money, but they could not bear to spend it. In fact, Li is so popular, he's in demand to train other teachers. He says a few weeks ago, a group of elementary school teachers came to one of his trainings. With China's birth rate dropping and fewer children being born, the teachers were pivoting to a new student base - the growing share of elderly residents. Emily Feng, NPR News. 🌟 更多英语听力内容见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

COY WIRE, CNN 10 ANCHOR: Hello, everyone. Welcome to CNN 10. Happy Friday Eve. It's Thursday, November 14th. I'm Coy Wire. We've got a great show stacked for you today, so let's get started. Now, we begin in the land of fire and ice, Iceland, where a natural phenomenon is raising some questions. Iceland is one of the only countries in the world that has both glaciers and volcanoes. There are 32 active volcanoes on the island nation that's only about the size of the states of Kentucky or Virginia or Ohio. And we've seen an uptick in volcanic eruptions in Iceland in recent years. Scientists there are studying whether an increase in the melting glaciers due to rising temperatures across the world could be causing more volcanic eruptions there. CNN's Elisa Raffa has more. ELISA RAFFA, CNN METEOROLOGIST (voice-over): A land of ice and fire. Iceland is renowned for both its stunning volcanoes and glaciers, but scientists are now studying whether climate change is affecting the balance between these two natural wonders. Around two million tourists visit Iceland each year, many hoping to see an active volcano showering red hot lava or get a glimpse of a cool blue glacier, thousands of years old. But researchers say there could be a connection between melting glaciers, which are shrinking because of rising global temperatures, and the frequency of volcanic eruptions. MICHELLE PARKS, VOLCANOLOGIST: Iceland is essentially one of the best places in the world to study this. It's a natural laboratory because we have both volcanism and glaciers. So at the moment, about 10% of Iceland is covered by glaciers, and we have over 32 active volcanoes here. RAFFA (voice-over): Scientists say the Askja volcano in Iceland's central highlands has risen about 80 centimeters in the past three years because of pressure building underneath it that's pushing the ground upwards. The theory is that magma or pressurized gas under a volcano increases as glaciers melt because the heavy ice no longer weighs down the Earth's crust, allowing magma to move more freely underground. And those subterranean pressure changes can permeate to areas which aren't directly under glaciers, like Askja, which is just north of the country's largest glacier. But with recent eruptions in Grindavik, a town in southwest Iceland, which not only put on a spectacular lava show, but also forced the evacuation of the town's residents, scientists are eager to learn more about what's triggering such volatility. FREYSTEINN SIGMUNDSSON, GEOPHYSICIST, UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND: There are many benefits of volcanoes, all the geothermal. Geothermal heat, we heat all the houses with geothermal, so lots of benefits. But now with the activity in Southwest Iceland, where lots of property has been destroyed and people have need to move out, we are again reminded about how hazardous volcanoes are. RAFFA (voice-over): Preliminary results in one study show that in the last three decades, magma beneath Iceland was produced at a rate two to three times what it would have been without ice loss. A possible pressure cooker lurking in one of the world's most picturesque places. WIRE: Ten Second Trivia. The Louvre Museum in Paris was originally built to be? A fortress, an iron factory, a space observatory, or a museum? Answer is fortress. The Louvre, the largest museum in the world, contains more than 500,000 works of art. It was originally commissioned as a fortress by King Philip II in 1190 AD to protect the city of Paris. About 300 miles north of the Louvre in Paris, in the Netherlands, we find another one of the world's most famous museums, the Rijksmuseum, in the city of Amsterdam. It's home to Dutch masterpieces by artists like Vermeer, Van Gogh, and Rembrandt. And Rembrandt's world-renowned painting "Night Watch" is getting a touch-up. We're going to learn how a group of restorers are using careful techniques to discover the story behind the painting, and how Rembrandt was able to put this enormous work together nearly 400 years ago. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Rembrandt's monumental painting, The Night Watch, has always been a star of Amsterdam's Rijksmuseum. But now you can see the story behind this 1642 masterpiece, which measures at a grand 12 by 14 and a half feet like never before. After five years of exhaustive research, a team of eight restorers are starting a grand public preservation project that's open for all to see. IGE VERSLYPE, PAITINGS CONSERVATOR RIJKSMUSEUM: We are now removing the old varnish of the "Night Watch," and we are using a synthetic non-woven tissue to do this, and in this tissue we have a very limited amount of solvent. We apply the tissue on the paint surface for a very limited amount of time, and then take it off, and with that we remove the bulk of the old varnish. 🌟 字数限制，完整文本见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】

ADRIAN MA, HOST: This is THE INDICATOR FROM PLANET MONEY. I'm Adrian Ma. DARIAN WOODS, HOST: And I'm Darian Woods. A big part of Donald Trump's victory in the presidential election came down to the economy. SIMON RABINOVITCH: A vast majority of Americans think that the economy is not working in their interests. MA: Simon Rabinovitch is U.S. economics editor for the weekly magazine The Economist. RABINOVITCH: The thing, though, is that when you look at America relative to other rich world countries, to other developed advanced economies, America is doing and has done remarkably well. WOODS: There's a disconnect there, right? Millions of Americans' personal economies are not feeling good, which is partly why Donald Trump made huge gains with voters across the country. But as Simon points out, the U.S. economy, as a whole, is doing really well. MA: Today on the show, Simon lays out his argument for why the U.S. economy has been and continues to be the envy of the world, but also why, with the election of Donald Trump, America's economic exceptionalism could be at risk. You've heard the expression keeping up with the Joneses. Well, on a global level, the United States of America is the Joneses. WOODS: And believe it or not, despite the turmoil of a pandemic and inflation, that economic dominance has actually accelerated. MA: Consider that in the past few years, U.S. economic output has increased three times faster than countries in the eurozone. WOODS: Or consider this - among the G20 group of nations, which includes countries like Canada, Germany, China and Japan, the U.S. is the only one whose employment and GDP has actually exceeded pre-pandemic expectations. MA: These stats and more appear in a recent report in The Economist titled "Envy Of The World." In it, Simon Rabinovitch and his coauthor Henry Curr argue the U.S. economy has way outperformed both its allies and its rivals. And when I reached out to Simon to understand why, he said this economic exceptionalism is driven by four big structural factors. And the first is productivity. RABINOVITCH: So productivity is absolutely key to understanding any economy's growth potential. Ultimately, what dictates an economic size, you know, over a matter of years and decades, is how many people are working and how productive they are. So if you just look at per-worker productivity in the U.S., since 1990, it's increased by about 70%, whereas in other rich world economies, it's closer to 40 or 50%. So what drives that? One, business dynamism. It's a lot easier for businesses to go bust, but also for new ones to be founded in the U.S., It's easier for workers to move around to where they're actually needed. Number two, a lot of investment in capital. It's higher in the U.S. than elsewhere. That's not just in physical structures but also critically in software, research and development. America is very strong in that. And then number three is tech dominance. American companies tend to be faster at adopting new technology, something that we're seeing now with artificial intelligence. So all these things feed through together to make the U.S. a more productive economy. MA: OK, so productivity is one wind at the U.S. economy's back. The next one that you go into is energy as a key economic driver. RABINOVITCH: Yeah. So I mean, this one is fairly straightforward in that there was the great shale revolution of the early 2000s. Obviously, environmentalists are not terribly happy with the outcomes of that, but economically, it's quite profound its impact. It has made America the world's biggest producer of both oil and natural gas. First of all, it's good for the U.S. terms of trade. Energy is one of the few sectors in which the U.S. is actually a net exporter. But more crucially, it insulates America from global volatility, from global price spikes. U.S. consumers might complain a little bit about the price of gas at the pumps. But the fact is compared to heating prices in Europe, in Asia, they're incredibly well-off, incredibly well-insulated. MA: A third thing that you use spotlight as driving U.S. outperformance is the stock market. So how is this playing a role? RABINOVITCH: It's amazing when you look at the numbers. The U.S. economy is, you know, roughly 20% of the global economy. But the U.S. stock market is about 60% of the global stock market by capitalization. So, you know, there really is outsized power there. You have a lot of faith in U.S. markets because of the rule of law, which is something that attracts investors globally into America. If you're a tech start-up anywhere in the world, you'll look to get listed in the U.S. You'll look to set up operations in America as well. It's one of these things that is really a virtuous cycle for the U.S. economy. 🌟 字数限制，完整文本见公众号【琐简】，回复"1"可进【打卡交流群】